A Guide to In-Line Lists

A Guide to In-Line Lists A Guide to In-Line Lists A Guide to In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol This post describes how to organize in-line lists, those that occur within a sentence, as compared to vertical lists, those organized by setting the items on the list apart from each other, distinguished by numbers, letters, or other symbols, on consecutive lines. (Vertical lists will be described in a separate post.) An in-line list may consist of a set of words, phrases, or clauses, or a combination of the three. The simplest in-line list is one that consists of one-word items: â€Å"The colors of the American flag are red, white, and blue.† (Style guides differ on whether the comma preceding and, called a serial comma- or, sometimes, an Oxford comma- is necessary, but consistent use helps writers avoid creating ambiguously organized sentences.) More complex lists invite errors. For example, in the following sentence, the syntax of the list items is not consistent: â€Å"Children raised in a traditional two-parent household tend to be physically and emotionally healthier, less likely to use drugs and alcohol, engage in crime, or become pregnant outside of marriage.† One can analyze the sentence by converting it into an introductory phrase followed by a vertical list. Note how the items are not parallel in structure: Children raised in a traditional two-parent household tend to be physically and emotionally healthier less likely to use drugs and alcohol engage in crime become pregnant outside of marriage. A technically correct revision follows: Children raised in a traditional two-parent household tend to be physically and emotionally healthier less likely to use drugs and alcohol less likely to engage in crime less likely to become pregnant outside of marriage. However, the repetition of the phrase â€Å"less likely to† is distracting and is redundant to â€Å"tend to be,† and further revision of this vertical list is recommended if it is to be converted back to an in-line list. Because the four elements in this sentence are not consistently supported by verbs or verb phrases, it is best to separate the first item from the rest of the items, resulting in a sentence consisting of two elements that include examples- the first example standing on its own, and the other three retained as a three-item list: â€Å"Children raised in a traditional two-parent household tend to be physically and emotionally healthier and are less likely to use drugs and alcohol, engage in crime, or become pregnant outside of marriage.† If one or more elements in an in-line list include a comma, a stronger punctuation mark, the semicolon, must be employed to clarify the organization of the sentence. This is true when at least one element includes a single comma that sets off, for example, the name of a city and the name of a state, as in this example: Unusual names of cities and towns include Cut and Shoot, Texas; Truth or Consequences, New Mexico; and Rough and Ready, California. Semicolons are also called for when one or more items in an in-line list are themselves lists, as shown here: Unusual names of cities and towns include Cut and Shoot, Truth or Consequences, and Rough and Ready; Embarrass, Uncertain, and Waterproof; and Accident, Hazard, and Protection. Note that although some writers use semicolons to separate items in a list when the items are long and complex, doing so is unnecessary. Thus, the intervening punctuation marks in the following example are safely converted to commas: â€Å"Uncertainties include the volatility in oil and gas prices; concerns about the impact of economic sanctions in Russia to U.S. and European markets; questions about slowdowns in China; and the effects on U.S. economic policy resulting from the shift in power in the U.S. Senate in January 2015.† This is especially true if an additional clause follows the last list item, creating the implication that the clause applies only to the final item. Here, it is necessary to convert the semicolons after function and shareholders to commas: â€Å"If the chief executive officer is not willing to pay attention to the warning signs posted by the risk management function; the reward system is not sufficiently balanced with the long-term interests of shareholders; or the board is not asking tough questions about the assumptions and risks underlying the strategy, it is not likely risk management will have an impact at the crucial moment when a contrarian voice is needed.† Otherwise, the phrase beginning â€Å"it is not likely risk management . . .† would have appeared (at least when first read) to pertain only to the phrase beginning â€Å"the board is not asking tough questions . . . .† Also, semicolons are not necessary when separating only two sets of list items, rather than three or more. In the following example, or is sufficient to distinguish the two lists, and the semicolon should be omitted: â€Å"This strategy may span several departments- for example, legal, procurement, and finance; or  marketing, sales, and customer service.† Also, to aid in distinguishing items in a list, the items are sometimes preceded by sequential numbers (or, occasionally, lowercase letters) followed by a close parenthesis rather than a period, as in this example: â€Å"The three forms of rock are 1) igneous, 2) metamorphic, and 3) sedimentary.† This method of organization can be useful for enumerating and setting off complex list items (or, in the case of letters, offering options), but it is usually unnecessary, or a vertical list (without numbers or letters) may be a better option. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Common Mistakes category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You7 Patterns of Sentence StructureEpidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

Zaha Hadid Starcitect a 20th century phenomenon Dissertation

Zaha Hadid Starcitect a 20th century phenomenon - Dissertation Example In a technological world that is global in nature, most civic heads are now aiming to create global villages that are uniform in nature, without overtly portraying any of the local culture and traditions. It is here the ‘starchitects’ have gained prominence by creating structures that have no link to history or traditions, and are more futuristic in colour , and thus can fit almost anywhere in this world. In this article, I will examine the works of the famous ‘starchitect’ Zara Hadid’s works, to comprehend the uniqueness in this form of architecture. Name Instructor’s name Date ‘Star architect’ and Zaha Hadid– a 20th century phenomenon 1 Introduction Starchitecture culture is â€Å"characterised by the premature coronation of designers based on flashy forms and blowout press coverage, the infection of schools with the idea of fame as a career objective and...a certain enabling complicity by the leading lights of our critic al establishment† – Phillip Nobel, 1 ‘Starchitect’  is a recent  phenomena or ‘neologism’ that is a relatively new doctrine within the field of art of architecture.  The term is used to distinguish architects  (and also artists/ sculptors), who have used their works in a manner that have turned them into a celebrity of sorts, and after receiving a certain degree of critical acclaim they have managed to transform themselves into idols of the architecture world, and in the process even earning fame amongst the general public. It has been observed that worldwide developers are quite enthusiastic to bring in the "top talent" or (starchitects), in order to attract the local governments into approving projects for large developments, or when requiring more financial help, and also for adding more star quality into their projects in order to raise the building value. The chief characteristic of a starchitect's design is that it is always so di fferent from the surrounding architecture, that it forcibly stands out and is highly visible within a particular locality, thus often turning into an icon, by its mere power of being starkly different. Since this entire process is completely dependent on the media publicity and the subsequent degree of current visibility, there are also instances of architects losing the ‘starchitect’ status (hence turning into former ‘starchitects’) owing to fading visibility in the media, thus forcing these icons to always try and remain within the range of media visibility. The latest development in this field is the hiring of famous ‘starchitects’ by various civic heads, in order to produce structures that turn into a landmark feature, an iconic representation of a city, thus elevating its international status or profile. Having maverick architects like Zaha Hadid, Renzo Piano, or Norman Foster designing an opera house or a museum, are instances of ‘s tarchitecture,’ when architectures or buildings are produced for more of a shock value, which would help to create a landmark or an icon. According to a recent economic theory followed by the civic heads, claims that a city tends to thrive and flourish if it possesses some amount of an  international fame.2 This was most evident in the case of Bilbao, where we find the ‘starchitect’ Frank Gehry designed an art museum, and this allowed the

Lobster Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lobster - Annotated Bibliography Example king such an in-depth and a wide consideration of resolution alternatives, the author addresses the questions one would ask about lobster in every day diet. The work is representative of diverse health related opinions which isolate lobster consumption as central in the human effort to achieve sustainable physical health. The subject under discussion highlights the increasing popularity of lobster. The festivals organized to entertain tourists emphasizes the role of this creature. In this respect, the text is relevant to the topic under discussion as it highlights the nutritional significance of lobster.The criticism that can be directed towards this text concerns the central theme of the debate which emphasizes the injustice done to this animal through boiling and overcrowding. It is therefore important to underscore the slight deviation of the text from the theme of the present campaign. However, in general, the author contributes to the topic by highlighting the place of lobster in most important nutrients list that may justify its boiling. Flynn gives an assertive view point on the overwhelming irresponsibility of humanity towards nature. At the center of this text’s discussion is the need to care for animals. The history of Maine lobster festival is criticized in respect of selfish tourist interest at the expense of the creature. It can therefore be observed that the author emphasizes the need to reconsider lobster boiling and the height of mistreatment they are exposed to. Animal cruelty is exemplified by lobster boiling and this is where the author comes in to give deeper explanation. Exploring the sociological perspective of animal cruelty is a sensitive debate as the author notes and serves as a pointer to abdication of duty towards nature. The relevance of this text seems so open in regard to the debate on cruel treatment of lobster. Besides, lobster is just one among the other aspects of nature that has been less taken care of by man. The title of

This task requires me to identify trends that may occur in West London Essay Example for Free

This task requires me to identify trends that may occur in West London Essay I will comment on what these trends and what implications they have on William Hill especially on specific job roles and the HR department. A trend shows the general direction of a service of data over a period of time that is why when looking at the population at the type of age available in the area and what sectors face a decrease in employment I noticed that population for LWLSC is projected to increase by 2.1% to 1,395,622 in 2005. This trend will affect William Hill because they have various large and small LBOs in West London, which means that they will have a larger pool of core and peripheral labour to choose from. When looking at the core workers in William Hill these are usually the managers who play a major role in the organisation of branches and William Hill win be inoperative without them and peripheral workers are those who fill the slots and can be easily replaced for instant Cahiers. The Size of LWLSC between 1999-2005 of the population aged 15 and under is likely to increase by 2.4%, 16-18 by 7.7%, 19-24% by 7.1% and 25-59 by 1.9% the LWLSC population aged 60+ is projected to decrease by a small percentage in 2005 by 0.9%. By this William Hill knowing the size of the population means that they can plan ahead knowing how many core and periphery workers they will need and knowing what age range they will have more available of. Also the figures shows that between 1999-2005vthier will be more 16-18 workers in the pool of labour to William Hill which is a positive sign because new ideas can be adopted through them when employed such as Cashiers in order to be competitive in this market. The population for 60+ is projected to decrease by 0.9%. This percentage is different from the figures of the rest of the UK with trends showing a changing population retirement age is proposed to increase form 60years to 70 years. This trend will not affect William Hill because this working age are not there core employees but William Hill cannot discriminate them due to age so when planning for human resource it is a good idea to have them in their mind and probably try to change their social policy in order to fit this age range into the organisation. In the tertiary sector business will have to look at the primary and secondary sector to recruit employees. Both of these sectors are seeing the employment rate falling. Secondary sector such as utilities see employment falling .29% whilst employment in manufacturing in projected to decrease by 0.14%. These sectors are where humans are no longer needed to the job and are being replaced by machines or alternative products and services. This in the short run does not affect William Hill because technology in this industry is not that advanced yet but probably in the near future Cashiers and Managers will be replaced by talking machines, which means unemployment, will rise and less disposable income to purchase bets. On the other hand if unemployment increase then there should be a larger pool of labour to choose from which will mean that there will be high competition when trying to recruit the best Manager and Cashier. Many businesses found that there is shortages of skills amongst adults that are moving from higher education into jobs because results show that 20% of the adult population lacks literacy and numeric skills. Many employees are looking for help with these skills when it comes to working on the tills and communicating to both supplier and customers. So now the employers have turned round to CBI (Confederation of British Industry) who are a collection of employees who meet with the government and discuss about issues, which affect the productivity in the UK businesses in order to stay competitive wit the rest of Europe. From this discussing the government has introduced a new learning scheme called Keyskills that helps student s with basic communication, I.T, numerical and literacy skills. This will affect William Hill positively if more students are trained these skills because they need to employ workers who are experienced communicators and exceptionally good with application of numbers. This not allows William hill to be more competitive due to skilled work force but it allows Britain to be competitive with Europe so workers can be employed form abroad and particularly important in employing Managers because they need to have obtained level 4 Keyskills whereas Cashiers mainly level 3. A time series shows historical data that can be used and analysed to predict futures trends. The first step in analysing a time series is to isolate and define the underlying trend. Such as looking at trends which show that at Christmas these is a decline in spending in William Hill due to that time of season when money has to be spent on alternative luxury goods which means that William Hill dont employ much staff during the course of this season due to a slump in sales and to maximise profits labour cost is cut but more promotion could be done to customers. This does cause the Labour Turnover to increase and absence also because no is being kept busy within the shop and motivation decreases also. Whereas during the summer time big races start to take place and more staff need to be employed to even cover night racing starting from April to cope with extra demand of customers and foreign racing especially in such a boom period. Both of these trends are seasonal trends so William Hill know they bound to happen because that is how customers and it is their job to cater to this need however this is subject to increase or decrease depending on the rate of inflation but during night racing more Cashier and Managers are employed to cope with increase of demand. Extrapolating sales trend is useful due to it allowing analysing past events but the real key to business success is planning for the future. Extrapolation means basing a forecast of the future upon past trends. Market research is used by William Hill to collect data to find out about certain information concerning the Internet for example. Primary research is collection of information that applies to a specific purpose and for personal use that is why William Hill may have to conduct it themselves because it may not exist through various means such as surveying, observing and testing. William Hill use primary research to obtain information about peoples preferences because this would help know how they spend their money espials loyal cutovers who purchase over the net and or even purchase from home. William Hill could question them but these ways dont always work because no matter how loyal customer may be taking time out to answer a few question is rather hard also it may appear to customers we a annoying them and this may lead to purchase from other rivals. Also if a e-mail is end that can be easily disposed of and it does not guarantee that they have even looked at the mail so its not really effective. Whereas secondary research is using existing published data and information. William Hill look at present sales figures to predict how the future sales will be by doing this will mane that they can compare sales figure form last year and predict what needs to be done now in order to meet that future demand. Also from the figures William hill can see how competitive they were in the previous years and see how they have improved or not but what can be improved to be competitive in their market. However if their sales fall then they have to make some swift unemployment such as less core workers who are not as competent and correspond with the person specification. William Hill takes into account different aspects when thinking of employing labour. When William Hill do take on workers they also take into account minimum wage if not they have breached a major statue and will have to give monetary compensation to workers. Also more money is given to workers according to the Postcode of your LBO a bit a like London Weighting but this affect William Hill because more labour cost which are tax deductible and probably less bonuses to motivate workers especially managers for the hard work they put into their job. If dont receive this they may decide to leave and this decreases retention and replacement is not so easy. William Hill has to be aware of alternatives for Labour such as using technology (machine) to do the work. This in the short run be expensive process for business to set up but once done they will do the job quicker than humans which means William Hill will have more efficient and long run investment and will allow William Hill to benefit from economies of scales. But machinery to be maintained is a very long task and if one breaks down it is not easy to repair or substituted for a peripheral machine. Anyway due to the service that William Hill provides it is quite impossible to sack Cashiers and Mangers and replace them with robots because they cannot give customer satisfaction compared to humans such communication and a smile whereas machines connoted fulfil this role properly because they dont correspond to the person specification. Forecasting is prediction of future trends based on past information either from primary or secondary market research, which are vital to a business planning for the future. William Hill like to plan ahead because this allows them to know what will likely happen for instance if sales go down then some peripheral workers would be sacked such as Cashiers and even less Deputy Managers however at the end of the day it is a forecast which is a plan and there is no concrete evidence that will happen so their is no point trying to ration staff to work towards better profit for the future because external factors may have to be accounted for instead of planning a future which business like William Hill dont have the eyes for i.e. consumer spending. This has currently decreased in the last coming months to Christmas and affected greatly many markets as well as post sales decline occurred. I have made a forecast, which I believe reasonable for my branch because I shop is currently on Grade 3, which means we take on average 180,000 bets a year From this I can tell that my William Hill branch at moment is doing very well as they have launched a new computerised games and also Ladbrokes which is 6 doors down has just closed down and therefore William Hill have greater consumers coming to our branch. However I feel this will not last because William Hill aim for the older populated sector and therefore excluding many potential customer who are young and decreasing their market span. Overall I feel that William Hill sales will increase with the right amount of publicity and innovative ideas from the younger generation to entice the same age group and to allow William Hill to gain first to the market advantage of attract new young middle and upper class customers. This decreases competition at first but soon rivals will have obtained William Hills idea but because they where there first then have obtained a loyal segment of the betting market to themselves. Also quality of the service could improve if not then my predictions will likely be wrong because Corals could move in straight away and decrease our sales and profit so inevitably workers will have to laid off or assets sold to enable the business to recoup. William Hill have many opportunities open to them it is wise to invest in a good human resource because they are the hands of the company and make William Hill a success today. Maximising profit could be expanding but in other areas rather than West London because the pool of labour is not as attractive as William Hill want it to be due to very little are skilled to the extent that they should be by the government maybe if William Hill do operate and investment in technology they will come back to West London and employ because they seem very competent and competitive with Information Technology or if needed recruitment for Head Office then William Hill know the best place to come.

Jurassic Park: Comparision Between Book And Movie Essay -- essays rese

Jurassic Park: Comparision Between Book and Movie Michael Crichton, a master of suspense, has created a novel for your imagination. This book involves prehistoric animals and plants from the Jurassic era. Steven Spielberg took on this book, as a movie project to add to his collection of visually mastered Science-Fiction motion pictures. Both the movie and the book have captured the imagination of people around the world. In this paper, it will show the similarities and differences for the first third of these two superb creations. One of the similarities of both the movie and the book is the construction accident. The movie and the book's opening scenes show some Jurassic Park workers loading a dinosaur into a maximum security cage. The dinosaur grabbed a hold of one of the workers causing chaos throughout the worksite. The construction worker was drawn in by the dinosaur and never returned. After this "construction accident," the worker's family was suing Jurassic Park for a sizable sum of money. The family sent out a lawyer to the island to see if the park is safe, and if its the cause for their relative's death. The book tells stories that the movie doesn't show. One of those is about a little girl. The little girl is vacationing with her parents when she goes off by herself exploring. She was looking for animals for her class, when she stumbles upon a lizard. She starts to get closer, when the lizard attacks her. The little girl ...

Report on Feasibility Study to Start a Restaurant

Waste Disposal †¢ Periodically inspect for leaky dumpsters and compactors. If dumpsters are leaking, call the leasing company to repair or replace dumpsters. †¢ Cover dumpsters and other waste containers to prevent stormwater from entering the container. †¢ Never dispose of waste products, such as food or liquid wastes, to storm drains. Donate edible food to a food donation bank, participate in food waste composting programs, contact an animal feed company or dispose of food waste in a trash receptacle. †¢ Never wash down dumpsters or dumpster areas with a hose.If a dumpster must be cleaned, contact the dumpster leasing company. Use dry clean up methods to wash dumpster area or use other Best Management Practices (BMPs) to clean dumpster area to prevent wash water from flowing to the storm drain system. †¢ Improper handling and disposal that creates a discharge to a storm drain is illegal. Both the company and individuals responsible are subject to civil and criminal prosecution. Grease Handling and Storage †¢ Do not pour cooking oil or grease into sinks or floor drains, or into a parking lot, stormdrain or street. Dispose or recycle cooking oil and grease through a licensed waste grease hauler or licensed grease recycler. Search for grease haulers and recyclers under â€Å"tallow† in the Yellow Pages. †¢ Service oil/grease interceptors at least monthly. For an oil/grease interceptor to function properly no more than 1/3 of the depth of the interceptor should be a floating grease layer and no more than ? of the depth should be sediment on the bottom of the interceptor (www. oracwa. org). †¢ Under-sink grease traps should be serviced at least weekly, more often if the grease trap is more than 50% full (www. racwa. org). †¢ Practice dry clean up. Use scrapers to remove food wastes from serving ware, pots, pans, grills, and cooking surfaces prior to cleaning them with water. Dispose of food waste in a trash recep tacle, send to an animal feed company, or donate edible foodstuffs to a food donation bank. †¢ Use food grade paper to soak up oil and grease under fryer baskets. Dispose of soaked paper in a trash receptacle. †¢ Improper handling and disposal that creates a discharge to a storm drain is illegal.Both the company and individuals responsible are subject to civil and criminal prosecution. Pavement and Floor Cleaning †¢ Keep parking lot, drive through, and dumpster areas clean and remove accumulated debris. Use dry methods for spill cleanup: such as sweeping instead of washing; the use of rags, cat litter or another type of absorbent; place trash and solid waste into dumpsters. If you mop up a spill, dispose of mop/washwater in indoor janitorial/mop sinks. †¢ Do not hose down pavement or any outside area to the storm drain. Use a BASMAA certified surface cleaner (www. ity. palo-alto. ca. us/cleanbay/cbb. html) to wash sidewalks, drive-through and parking lots. Your e mployees and your contractor must use BMPs to prevent washwater from flowing to the storm drain system. †¢ Never pour or sweep wastewater from restaurant floors out the back door, or into a gutter, stormdrain, or creek. Dispose of mop/washwater in indoor janitorial/mop sinks or toilets. †¢ Improper handling and disposal that creates a discharge to a storm drain is illegal. Both the company and individuals responsible are subject to civil and criminal prosecution.Equipment Cleaning †¢ Clean floor mats, grease filters, grills, garbage cans and other restaurant equipment in a janitorial/mop sink, inside floor drain, or other designated wash area that flows to the sanitary sewer system. Talk to your local sanitary sewer agency for requirements. Equipment cleaning washwater shall not flow to the storm drain system. †¢ If your restaurant uses a contractor to clean floor mats, exhaust hoods, or any other equipment, check to be sure that they are not allowing washwater t o flow to the storm drain system.The restaurant is responsible for contractor actions. †¢ Check roof top exhaust fans and flumes at least weekly. Place an oil collection tray under rooftop exhaust fan shrouds to collect cooking oil and grease and empty the shrouds weekly. †¢ Do not clean equipment in food preparation sinks. †¢ Improper handling and disposal that creates a discharge to a storm drain is illegal. Both the company and individuals responsible are subject to civil and criminal prosecution

Ancient Roman Sandals and Other Footwear

Considering how prized modern Italian leather goods are today, it is perhaps not too surprising that there was a good deal of variety of the types of ancient Roman sandals and shoes. The shoe-maker (sutor) was a valued craftsman in the days of the Roman Empire, and the Romans contributed the entire-foot-encasing shoe to the Mediterranean world. Roman Footwear Innovations Archaeological studies indicate that the Romans brought the shoe-making technology of vegetal tanning to Northwestern Europe. Tanning can be accomplished by the treatment of animal skins with oils or fats or by smoking, but none of those methods result in permanent and water-resistant leather. True tanning uses vegetable extracts to create a chemically stable product, which is resistant to bacterial decay, and has resulted in the preservation of many examples of ancient shoes from damp environments such as riverside encampments and backfilled wells. The spread of vegetable tanning technology was almost certainly an outgrowth of the imperial Roman army and its supply requirements. Most of the earliest preserved shoes have been found in early Roman military establishments in Europe and Egypt. The earliest preserved Roman footwear found so far was made in the 4th century BCE, although it is still unknown where the technology originated. In addition, the Romans innovated a variety of distinctive shoe styles, the most obvious of which are hobnailed shoes and sandals. Even the single-piece shoes developed by the Romans are significantly different from the pre-Roman native footwear. The Romans are also responsible for the innovation of owning multiple pairs of shoes for different occasions. The crew of a grain ship sunk in the Rhine River about 210 CE each owned one closed pair and one pair of sandals. Civilian Shoes and Boots The Latin word for generic sandals is sandalia or soleae; for shoes and shoe-boots the word was calcei, related to the word for heel (calx). Sebesta and Bonfante (2001) report that these types of shoes were specifically worn with the toga and so were forbidden to slaves. In addition, there were slippers (socci) and theatrical footwear, like the cothurnus. The generic calceus was made of soft leather, completely covered the foot and was fastened in front with thongs. Some early shoes had pointed upward curving toes (calcei repandi), and were both laced and strapped into place. Later shoes had rounded toes.The wet weather called for a boot called the pero, which was made of rawhide. Calcamen was the name of a shoe that reached mid-calf.The black leather senators shoe or calceus senatorius had four straps (corrigiae). A senators shoes were decorated with a crescent shape on the top. Except for color and price, the senators shoe was similar to the patricians costlier red high-soled calceus mulleus fastened with hooks and straps around the ankle.Caligae muliebres were unstudded boots for women. Another diminutive was the calceoli, which was a little shoe or half boot for women. Footwear for a Roman Soldier According to some artistic representations, Roman soldiers wore embromides, impressive dress boots with a feline head that came nearly to the knees. They have never been found archaeologically, so it is possible that these were an artistic convention and never made for production. Regular soldiers had shoes called campagi militares and the well-ventilated marching boot, caliga (with the diminutive caligula used as a nickname for the 3rd Roman emperor). Caliga had extra thick soles and were studded with hobnails. Roman Sandals There were also house sandals or soleae to wear when Roman citizens were dressed in tunica and stola—soleae were thought inappropriate for wear with togas or palla. Roman sandals consisted of a leather sole attached to the foot with interlacing thongs. The sandals were removed before reclining for a feast and at the conclusion of the feast, the diners requested their sandals. References Sebesta JL, and Bonfante L. 2001. The World of Roman Costume. Madison: University of Wisconsin.van Driel-Murray C. 2001. Vindolanda and the Dating of Roman Footwear. Britannia 32:185-197.